Synthesis, Characterizations and Catalysis of Sulfated Silica and Nickel Modified Silica Catalysts for Diethyl Ether (DEE) Production from Ethanol towards Renewable Energy Applications

Sulfated silica (SO4/SiO2) and nickel impregnated sulfated (Ni-SO4/SiO2) catalysts have been successfully carried out for the conversion of ethanol into diethyl ether (DEE) as a biofuel. The aims this research were to study effects acidity on SO4/SiO2 Ni-SO4/SiO2 in ether. This focuses increases activity selectivity SiO2 with impregnation sulfate Ni metal, which had good less expensive. prepared using TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate) precursor sulfuric acid various concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 M). results showed that catalyst treated 2 M H2SO4 calcined at 400 °C (SS-2-400) was highest total (2.87 g/mmol), while metal value 3%/Ni-SS-2 (4.89 g/mmol). SS-2-400 selected applied dehydration process temperatures 175, 200, 225 °C. shown reached up 9.54% towards liquid product formation.